Since March, I’ve found myself concluding conversations and correspondence with the words “be well.” They aren’t a command, of course. But they are a fervent wish, combined with a bit of encouragement, to act for one’s own sake and for the sake of others.
Wellbeing takes many forms: physical health, to be sure, but also psychological security, a sense of place and purpose, and habits of belonging and connection to others. In the past year, we’ve experienced profound challenges on each of these fronts, as we’ve wrestled with pandemic, the continuing struggle for racial justice, and deep social and political cleavages among the people of our nation.
The weight of these challenges has taken its toll on all of us and has required of our students no small amount of sacrifice. I can say with pride, however, that our students have displayed the kind of flexibility, resilience, and determination that demonstrate why Alabama Law is such a special place. And you, our alumni, have stepped up in significant ways to support our mission to provide the very best education for the next generation of members of a great profession.
The Law School, too, has been strong and resilient. We continue to press forward to ensure that students enjoy instruction from excellent teachers. To that end, we welcomed four new members to the faculty in the fall of 2020. And we are now in the initial phase of searches that I hope will grow our faculty again in the next two years.
The strategic planning process, which we paused in the spring, is now moving forward. We are focusing on enduring themes: enriching academic programs and curriculum; cultivating a cadre of top-flight teachers, mentors, and scholars; enhancing our physical facilities; ensuring that students and faculty of all backgrounds can flourish in the Law School; providing students and graduates with meaningful opportunities for careers that reach as far as ambition and talent can take them; and ensuring that the pursuit of those opportunities is not hobbled by debt.
Even in difficult times, I see reasons for optimism. New technologies are providing ways to gather safely for classes and activities. Talented students still want to study at the School of Law. Our alumni continue to engage in acts of overwhelming kindness, support, and generosity. Students work daily to make the Law School a better place for one and all.
I am moved by these shining examples of resilience. I look forward to even brighter days to come.
Be well,
Mark E. Brandon
Dean, The University of Alabama School of Law
The School of Law honored Justice R. Bernard Harwood, Jr. (’63) with the 2020 Sam W. Pipes Distinguished Alumnus Award at the Alabama Law Alumni Society Banquet on February 21, 2020.
The Law School Foundation gives the award to an outstanding alumnus who has distinguished himself or herself through service to the bar, The University of Alabama, and the School of Law. The award is named for the late Samuel Wesley Pipes (’38), who was a partner in the Mobile law firm of Lyons, Pipes & Cook until his death in 1982.
After Justice Harwood graduated in 1963, he had many occasions to encounter Mr. Pipes in Mobile. “I really enjoyed those opportunities,” Justice Harwood said, “so it is doubly meaningful to me to think that I have some connection with his legacy by virtue of this honor you’re giving me tonight.”
In 1967, Justice Harwood joined with Gordon Rosen to form the law firm of Rosen Harwood in Tuscaloosa. During his career, he served in many roles, including Deputy City Judge of Tuscaloosa, Special Assistant Attorney General for the State of Alabama, Tuscaloosa County Circuit Judge, Associate Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court, and Lecturer in Law at the Law School. For more than 40 years, Justice Harwood has taught courses as an adjunct professor at Alabama Law, teaching trial advocacy, evidence, and advanced evidence.
Justice Harwood said that he was grateful to have attended the School of Law and that it shaped his life.
“I really am so happy to have an opportunity to be of service to the Law School in the various ways that I have,” Justice Harwood said.
On January 30 through February 1. 2020, two groups of students traveled to their respective regional BLSA mock trial and moot court competitions, returning with numerous individual wins and a place in each competition’s national tournament held in Cincinnati, Ohio in March.
Maya Hoyt (’20), Alex Williams (’20), Chenelle Jones (’21) and Gavin Baum-Blake (’21), represented Alabama Law in the Constance Baker Motley Mock Trial Southern Regional Competition during the Southern Regional Black Law Students’ Association’s Convention held in Charleston, South Carolina. Due to their incredible efforts, and with the guidance of coach Justin Jones (’12), the team took second-place in the regional round, securing a trip to the national competition.
Karmen Gaines (’20) and Stephanie Avant (’20) also traveled to Charleston with coaches Anil Mujumdar (’00) and Anita Kay Head (’06) for the BLSA Southern Regional Thurgood Marshall Moot Court Competition. Gaines and Avant won an award for the Best Petitioner Brief and placed second overall, also scoring a trip to nationals.
This is the second consecutive trip the mock trial team has made to the national competition, due in no small part to the efforts of veteran team members and co-captains Hoyt and Williams.
The moot court team made an excellent showing during their national rounds, winning 4th place overall.
Victor Methos, author of The Hallows, received The University of Alabama School of Law’s 2020 Harper Lee Prize for Legal Fiction during a virtual ceremony at the Library of Congress’s National Book Festival in September 2020.
“It is such a privilege to receive this award,” Methos said. “Every criminal lawyer will tell you the same thing: Atticus Finch was our earliest inspiration. I first read To Kill a Mockingbird when I was 13, and to this day, when the injustices of our legal system discourage me, it is that book I turn to for inspiration. To think the committee saw something of it in my own work humbles me, and I will always be grateful.”
Ten years ago, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird, and to honor the former Alabama Law student and author, the School of Law created the Harper Lee Prize for Legal Fiction.
The Hallows tells the story of Tatum Graham, a Miami defense attorney who re-examines his life after he helps a guilty client walk free. Graham moves back home for a simpler life, but he soon joins the county attorney’s office as a prosecutor, where he finds redemption.
“In this tightly focused and masterful thriller, we watch Tatum Graham come to terms with the profound personal failures associated with his professional successes,” said James Crank, University of Alabama Associate Professor of English and Prize Selection Committee member. “His redemption comes in the form of a dogged pursuit of justice, even though it means waging war on the very people and institutions that created him. In The Hallows, Victor Methos channels the very best of Harper Lee’s prose.”
Fellow Selection Committee member and 2018 Prize winner C.E. Tobisman agreed. “Written with panache and humor, this book features deep, believable character relationships and a satisfying David versus Goliath courtroom battle,” she said.
Brilliant. Approachable. Great. Dedicated. Caring.
When you ask Alabama Law students about Professor Heather Elliott, these are words you hear repeated often. Achieving well-deserved recognition, Elliott received The University of Alabama’s Outstanding Commitment to Teaching Award at the 2020 Virtual Campus Assembly on October 12, 2020.
Second-year student Tucker Crain has Elliott as his academic advisor. “Interacting with Professor Elliott outside of class is awesome,” he says. “She’s one of the smartest people ever, but she’s super approachable and always willing to help with any issue.”
Elliott teaches civil procedure, land use law and planning, water law, legislation and regulation, and professional responsibility, and conducts research and scholarship in the areas of Alabama water law and policy and the role of courts and agencies in a democratic society. Having joined the faculty in 2008, she is the Alumni, Class of ’36 Professor of Law.
“Not only has she done terrific scholarship in areas as diverse as environmental law, federalism, administrative law, and the constitutional doctrines of standing, but she has also built a record as a spectacular teacher,” said Mark Brandon, Dean and Thomas E. McMillan Professor of Law.
The Outstanding Commitment to Teaching award was created in 1976 by the University of Alabama National Alumni Association. The award recognizes four faculty members annually, based on the faculty members’ commitment to teaching and the impact they have had on students through the teaching and learning process.
Yusef Salaam, a member of the Exonerated Five, formerly known as the Central Park Five, discussed his legal case on January 27 with Judge John H. England, Jr. (’74) in the Bedsole Moot Court Room.
On April 19, 1989, a young woman was raped and left for dead in New York City’s Central Park. Five teenagers — four Black and one Latino — were tried and convicted of the crime. They became known collectively as the Central Park Five.
Looking back on the case, Salaam said the evidence didn’t point to the five boys. “I think — and I truly think — they knew that they had the wrong people. And I don’t think it mattered,” he said. He added that prosecutors and others were trying to quickly ensure the public that the city was safe, a move that also worked toward protecting their careers.
The five convictions were vacated in 2002 after another man, who was in prison for similar crimes, confessed to the attack. That man’s DNA matched evidence from the crime scene. The exonerated men served between seven and 13 years for crimes they did not commit. In 2003, they sued the city for their wrongful convictions. In 2014, the city settled the case and agreed to pay them a total of $41 million.
Since his release, Salaam has been committed to advocating for and educating people on the issues of false confessions, police brutality and misconduct, press ethics and bias, race and law, and the disparities in America’s criminal justice system.
When the University of Alabama School of Law welcomed the Class of 2023, Layne Lightfoot, Roxana Ramos and Courtney Zotaj had already walked the halls of the building as members of the inaugural class of the Alabama Pre-Law Undergraduate Scholars Program (PLUS).
Funded by a grant from the Law School Admission Council, the PLUS program attracts promising students from groups historically underrepresented in the legal profession, students who come from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds, as well as students facing other significant barriers to entering the legal profession.
In just a few years, PLUS has grown into a pipeline program for Alabama Law. “The program gives participants the skills necessary to be competitive law school applicants,” said Joshua Porter, Director of Diversity and Inclusion and Assistant Professor of Law in Residence.
“PLUS is an essential program to develop the core competencies necessary for success in the legal profession,” he said. “In order to create a diverse and inclusive legal community, it’s imperative that programs like PLUS continue to thrive.”
“From our resume and professional skills workshops to panels on career paths in the law, the PLUS Program solidified my decision to apply to law school and gave me the tools I would not have had otherwise to navigate the application process,” Zotaj, of Huntsville, said.
During the program, the participants received an introduction to the law, including legal writing and analysis and legal ethics. Students also received professional development training and advice on how to become competitive law school applicants, and were introduced to different legal practice areas.
“It gave me the opportunity to network with professors, practicing attorneys, and judicial representatives,” said Ramos, who is from Crossville, Alabama. “I was able to build a strong network of friends to assist me in my journey to law school,” Lightfoot, an Atlanta native, added.
During the October 2020 celebration of Pro Bono Month, the Alabama State Bar highlighted recipients of the Pro Bono Awards, including two members of the Alabama Law community. Susan Donovan, the director of the Mediation Law Clinic, won the Mediator Award, and Mindy Kidd, third-year student, won the Law Student Award.
“Volunteer work led me to law school,” said Kidd in a video created by the State Bar. “After several years volunteering in that capacity, it seemed like the next logical step was to attend law school.”
Donovan highlighted the impact of pro bono legal work in her video interview. “There are a lot of people in our state that can’t afford lawyers and yet they need legal services; so in some small way, I like to give back.”
Of the relationship between pro bono service and the legal skills and training she is receiving at The University of Alabama School of Law, Kidd said, “[it] made me see the value of what my education can do for not just my own benefit but hopefully for those around me, too.”
The Alabama State Bar Pro Bono Awards are given annually, recognizing students, mediators, attorneys and firms.
Carl W. Bentzel (‘89) was sworn in to serve as a Commissioner of the Federal Maritime Commission. His term expires on June 30, 2024.
LaBarron Boone (’95) of Beasley, Allen, Crow, Methvin, Portis & Miles, PC in Montgomery, AL, has been selected to serve on the Executive Committee for The National Trial Lawyers – Top 100 Civil Plaintiff Lawyers group.
Katie Boyd Britt (’13) has been named as a member of the Board of Trustees at Stillman College in Tuscaloosa, AL.
Myla Calhoun (‘85) has been named Vice President of the Birmingham Division of Alabama Power.
Florence M. Cauthen (’79) has been named County Administrator for the Montgomery County Commission.
Aubrey Coleman (‘14) received the Up & Comers Award from the American Bar Association. The award is presented to a young practitioner who is 36 or younger, and who, through their efforts and accomplishments, shows great promise to continue these contributions for future achievements.
Prim F. Escalona (’08) has been appointed Interim U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Alabama.
Kevin D. Finley (’15) has been appointed to the Board of Directors of the John M. Langston Bar Association of Los Angeles.
Larry Golston (‘98) was sworn in as President of the Montgomery County Bar Association.
Roger Guilian (’98), General Counsel, Vice President, and Corporate Secretary for Volkert, Inc. in Mobile, AL, accepted membership in the International Association of Defense Counsel.
Alan Goodwin (‘98) was appointed as a Judge to the Pima County Superior Court in Phoenix, Arizona.
Michael Kirtland (LL.M. ‘99) published “Getting Started with Advance Directives,” along with Donna Jackson. The book, published by the American Bar Association, was a joint project of the Senior Lawyers Division and the Real Property, Trust and Estate Law Section.
Robert Landry (‘94) has been appointed by the American Business Law Journal to its six-member editorial board.
Justin Ladner (‘10) has been named President of Illinois American Water.
Katharyn I. Christian McGee (’08), pro bono counsel at Duane Morris, has been recognized with a Next Generation Leader Award by United Way of Greater Philadelphia and Southern New Jersey. Kat was also named to The Legal Intelligencer’s 2020 Pennsylvania Lawyers on the Fast Track list.
Marie Brady Mott (’95) has been named the Health Officer and Administrator for the Florida Department of Health in Escambia County.
Laterrica Shelton (‘14) has been named Vice President for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for The University of Alabama in Huntsville.
John M. Shoemaker (’14 LL.M.) has been elected to the Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners (STEP) Singapore Branch Committee for 2020-2021.
Allison O. Skinner (’94) has been named the 2020 Award of Merit recipient by the Alabama State Bar. The award is the highest honor given by the Alabama State Bar to an individual attorney and serves to recognize outstanding service in the legal profession.
Matthew Slaughter (’15) earned the Louisiana State Bar Association’s 2020 Pro Bono Publico Award.
Navan Ward, Jr. (’02) has been selected to serve as President-Elect of the American Association for Justice. This will be Ward’s fifth consecutive year serving on the Executive Committee of AAJ.
Designed to recognize the outstanding achievements of those affiliated with the Law School, the Board of Governors created the Alabama Lawyer Hall of Honor. Criteria for the award include making significant and extended contributions to the life of the Law School, having a distinguished career, and sustaining involvement in service activities.
The Alabama Rising Young Attorney Award was created by the Alabama Law Alumni Society to recognize one or more young alumni who have made outstanding contributions benefiting the profession, community and The University of Alabama School of Law. To receive the award, an individual must be a graduate of the last 10 years who shows significant leadership and service within the profession, community and Law School. Additionally, the recipient must be engaged in supporting the development of peers in the early stages of their legal careers.
All alumni are welcome to submit nominations through the Law School’s website (www.law.ua.edu/alumni/awards) or by contacting the Advancement Office. The first recipients for these awards are being chosen now and will be announced at a virtual ceremony in February 2021.
Kara Deal Gamble joins the Law School as an Assistant Professor of Legal Writing. She brings experience from private practice, and from appeals courts in Florida and Alabama. While teaching Legal Writing to first-year students, she will also continue to engage in service through the Bar, including as an officer in the Women’s Section of the Birmingham Bar Association.
Russell Gold joins the faculty as an Associate Professor of Law. His scholarship, comparatively examining civil and criminal procedure, considers insights that each system can learn from the other. An award-winning professor with a commendable scholarly record, he also possesses a background in class action and appellate matters. Professor Gold’s role will include service as Faculty Advisor to the Alabama Civil Rights & Civil Liberties Law Review.
Tara Leigh Grove joins the faculty as the Charles E. Tweedy, Jr. Endowed Chairholder in Law. She is a preeminent scholar whose research focuses on the federal judiciary and problems of constitutional law, including especially the separation of powers. With extensive publications in leading journals, she has received awards for both her research and her teaching. Professor Grove will also serve as Director of a new Program in Constitutional Studies.
Joshua Porter joins the Law School as Director of Diversity & Inclusion and Assistant Professor of Law in Residence. He has experience both in the public sector and in public interest law. Professor Porter will teach courses in education law. His background as an attorney with the U.S. Department of Education’s, Office for Civil Rights and as a teacher in a Title I high school will be an invaluable asset to our students.
Tara Leigh Grove
Let me take you back to a moment from just a few years ago. On January 27, 2017, President Donald Trump issued an executive order, which is now often referred to as the first “travel ban.” The order suspended the entry of individuals from seven named countries, all with predominantly Muslim populations. Almost immediately, chaos broke out at airports throughout the United States. Many individuals, including green card holders and college students, were stranded at airports or sent back to their countries of origin.
Several individuals and state attorneys general filed suit, challenging the executive order on constitutional and statutory grounds. And on February 3, 2017, just six days after President Trump signed the order, a single federal district court judge in Washington issued a nationwide injunction against the travel ban. The President was not pleased by this judicial interference. He dismissed the member of the Article III judiciary as a “so-called judge” and denounced the judicial decision as “ridiculous.” And the Department of Justice questioned whether the court had the power to issue an injunction that applied throughout the country.
Nevertheless, as soon as that federal judge issued the nationwide injunction, everything stopped. The chaos at the airports, the stranding of individuals—all of it came to a close. The Department of Homeland Security complied with the federal court order. With the stroke of a pen, and in defiance of a President, a single federal court judge stopped the federal government in its tracks. That is judicial independence.
Much of my academic work traces the legal rules and norms that protect judicial independence in the United States. I want to focus here on two such norms: the norm of complying with federal court orders (illustrated by the travel ban episode) and the norm against “packing” the Supreme Court. I have uncovered a few things that seem especially relevant to current debates over judicial independence. First, these norms are of relatively recent vintage; they developed only in the mid-twentieth century. That fact alone underscores the fragility of these norms. Second, these norms depend heavily on the way that political leaders and other actors talk about the federal judiciary. Accordingly, as the discourse changes, so may the protections for the federal courts.
Let’s start with the norm regarding compliance with federal court orders. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, there was no such strong bipartisan norm. When political actors disobeyed the federal judiciary, they were often cheered on by their political supporters. For example, in the 1830s, many Democrats praised the governor of Georgia, when he openly defied two Supreme Court decisions involving the interests of Native Americans. Along the same lines, in the 1860s, many Republicans defended President Abraham Lincoln when his administration declined to release a prisoner—despite a habeas corpus order by a federal judge.
This trend continued into the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Following the Supreme Court’s 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, prominent political leaders in the South resisted federal court orders. Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus, for example, in 1957 obstructed a federal desegregation decree when he directed state troops to prevent black students from entering Little Rock High School. And in 1962, Mississippi Governor Ross Barnett violated a federal court order by blocking the admission of James Meredith, who was about to become the University of Mississippi’s first black student.
The norm requiring compliance with federal court orders was not established until after the civil rights movement. Indeed, I have argued that the norm arose in large part because of the civil rights movement. In subsequent decades, the massive resistance to Brown became the paradigmatic example of defiance of the federal courts. And as Brown became canonical (that is, one of the most respected and admired decisions in Supreme Court history), the resistance to the decision was viewed as one of the most disgraceful moments in American history. Subsequent political actors did not want to be equated with the segregationists who sought to obstruct Brown.
Now let’s turn to the norm surrounding “court packing”—that is, efforts to alter the size of the Supreme Court in order to influence the future course of judicial decisions. There was no strong bipartisan norm against court packing for much of our history. At various times in the nineteenth century, political actors changed the size of the Supreme Court—and often did so in part for partisan reasons. Following the election of 1800 (when Thomas Jefferson’s Republicans soundly defeated John Adams’ Federalists), the outgoing Federalist Party decreased the size of the Supreme Court from six to five members. One goal was to deprive incoming President Jefferson of an opportunity to fill a Supreme Court seat. The Jeffersonian Republicans then swiftly undid that change and returned the Court to six members.
In the 1860s, Congress made a number of changes to the size of the Supreme Court—in part to influence future decisions. During the Civil War, the Republican Congress increased the Court’s size to ten members, so that President Lincoln could appoint Justices who favored the Republicans’ antislavery agenda. But in 1866, after Democratic President Andrew Johnson took office, Congress reduced the Court’s future membership to seven. The Republicans who controlled Congress in the post-Civil War era apparently did not trust Johnson to nominate Justices sympathetic to the reconstruction efforts in the South. By contrast, in 1869, the Republicans were happy to push the number of Justices back to nine—once fellow Republican (and former Union army general) President Ulysses S. Grant was in charge.
The most famous (or infamous) attempt to alter the size of the Supreme Court occurred in 1937, when President Franklin Roosevelt sought to expand the Supreme Court from nine to fifteen members. There is an oft-told story that Roosevelt’s proposal was swiftly rejected, as even his fellow Democrats were appalled by this Court-packing plan. But in fact, although some legislators (including some prominent Democrats) did oppose the plan, many supported it—as did many members of the public. Roosevelt’s Court-packing plan came close to passage.
The strong norm against court packing did not develop until later. As I have detailed in my scholarship, the norm emerged in large part because of the bipartisan discourse of political actors. Beginning in the 1950s, when lawmakers opposed any judicial reform, they described it as equivalent to “court packing.” That was true, even when the reform had nothing to do with the size of any federal court. If legislators disliked an effort to restrict federal jurisdiction, they called it “court packing.” If lawmakers objected to any judicial nominee, they accused the President of attempting to “pack” a court with ideologues. For example, after President Ronald Reagan offered Robert Bork for a Supreme Court vacancy, then-Senator Joe Biden declared: “[T]oday, 50 years after Roosevelt failed, … we are once again confronted with a popular President’s determined attempt to bend the Supreme Court to his political ends.” And when President Obama sought to fill three open seats on the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, Republican Senator John Cornyn charged that Democrats were “attempting to pack the court … in order to stack it in the administration’s favor.” In this way, “court packing” became a political epithet in our constitutional discourse.
Today, there are signs of a change in that discourse. In the past few years, in the wake of bitter partisan contests over Supreme Court nominees, there have been growing concerns about the legitimacy of the Court. And since around fall 2018, there have been growing calls to “pack” the Supreme Court with additional members. Court packing went from a political epithet—something deemed for decades to be the worst possible kind of judicial reform—to a serious proposal almost overnight.
Judicial independence is fragile. So far, these norms have held. But if observers question the legitimacy of the federal judiciary, how much longer will those observers be willing to obey rulings that they dislike? Relatedly, would rulings from a “packed” Supreme Court command the respect of Court rulings today? Five years ago, no one would have asked such questions. But today, many aspects of judicial reform seem to be on the table. It is a fragile independence indeed.
Benjamin J. McMichael
Everyone gets sick from time to time, and in the age of COVID-19, sickness or the threat thereof seems to be an ever-present companion. The last time you “went to the doctor” because you had a runny nose, sore throat, cough, or COVID exposure, did you actually see a doctor? Or did you see a nurse practitioner? Especially if you visited an urgent care center, I would not be surprised if you never saw a physician.
Nurse practitioners are highly trained nurses—they must complete a master’s degree and many have doctorates—who provide many of the healthcare services traditionally provided by physicians. They successfully treat millions of patients across the country every day. Though they do not provide all of the services offered by physicians—they cannot perform surgery for example—they provide primary care in every state, and they are the sole source of care in many communities. Indeed, many policymakers see the increased use of nurse practitioners as an effective solution to the ongoing healthcare access problem in the United States.
Before looking at this potential solution, however, it is useful to correctly frame the problem. Increasing access to healthcare has dominated healthcare law and policy debates for decades. Unfortunately, this debate has become somewhat confused as many researchers and policymakers treat access to healthcare as co-extensive with access to health insurance. Treating healthcare access in this way often hides the more fundamental problem of lacking access to healthcare providers. To put it bluntly, the quality or even existence of one’s health insurance is meaningless without healthcare providers to deliver the needed care.
Nurse practitioners can solve this more fundamental access problem because they are easier (and cost less) to train than physicians and are willing to provide care to historically underserved populations, e.g., rural communities. State laws, however, often prevent them from doing so. Specifically, state scope-of-practice laws inhibit the ability of nurse practitioners to provide care by restricting the services they can provide and requiring physician supervision of their practices. These supervision requirements prevent nurse practitioners from providing care in certain locations, i.e., those without physicians, and impose costs in the form of supervision fees.
Many states have removed these restrictions. For example, Florida passed a law last year allowing nurse practitioners to practice independently of physicians, and California passed a law in August eliminating physician supervision requirements. On the other hand, many states, including Alabama and most other southern states, maintain restrictive scope-of-practice laws, preventing nurse practitioners from providing care to the full extent of their training and ability. These states generally do so for the stated reasons of promoting patient safety and preventing the delivery of low-quality care.
The biggest proponents of these patient-safety and quality-of-care arguments are often medical associations, which frequently contend that nurse practitioners complete less education than physicians and therefore cannot deliver high-quality care without physician supervision. Groups in favor of removing restrictive laws regularly respond that medical associations are simply trying to protect their legally conferred monopoly power within healthcare services markets. Without restrictive scope-of-practice laws, nurse practitioners can better compete with physicians, which hurts the latter’s bottom line.
To evaluate the various claims surrounding patient safety and quality of care that states rely upon in continuing their restrictive scope-of-practice laws, I recently conducted an empirical analysis. In doing so, I examined a context where patient safety concerns have been front and center—the opioid crisis. In fact, some of the claims made by physician organizations opposing the recent California bill eliminating physician supervision requirements specifically address the concern that, without physician supervision, nurse practitioners would overprescribe opioids and deepen the opioid crisis.
The dataset I analyzed included approximately 1.5 billion opioid prescriptions, which represented approximately 90% of all opioid prescriptions filled at outpatient pharmacies in the United States between 2011 and 2018. With such granular information on opioid prescriptions, I was able to generate specific measures of opioid prescribing, including the total morphine milligram equivalents prescribed, which offer a more accurate measure of opioid prescriptions than simply counting prescriptions.
Overall, the analysis revealed that, contrary to the claims made by some groups, relaxing scope-of-practice laws for nurse practitioners decreased opioid prescriptions. For example, allowing nurse practitioners to practice independently reduced total annual morphine milligram equivalents across all physicians and nurse practitioners by approximately 4.4 percent. To place this effect into perspective, a state with 10,000 nurse practitioners and physicians could expect to see the equivalent of 31.5 fewer kilograms of morphine prescribed to patients each year by allowing nurse practitioners to practice independently.
The results of the analysis support the decisions recently reached by the Florida and California legislatures in eliminating restrictive scope-of-practice laws and allowing nurse practitioners to practice without physician supervision. The results also cast doubt on the more general claims that such laws are necessary for the protection of safety or the delivery of high-quality care. If granting nurse practitioners independence improves, not harms, patient safety in the context of the opioid epidemic, one of the worst patient safety crises in history, then granting these providers more autonomy is not likely to undermine patient safety in other contexts.
That grants of independence to nurse practitioners tend to improve access to care without harming patients is further evidenced by recent responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. As states began to struggle with lack of access to care, many waived physician supervision requirements through executive orders or other administrative action. States should strongly consider making these changes permanent to improve access to care for underserved communities.
While states have historically maintained responsibility for regulating healthcare providers, the benefits of expanded access through increased nurse practitioner autonomy warrant federal action if states refuse to change their laws. The federal government already exercises authority over many aspects of the healthcare system, and without additional state action to remove scope-of-practice barriers, it may be time for policymakers to consider federal action. Such action may come in the form of direct federal intervention, or Congress may elect to leverage its control over Medicare and other programs to encourage states to relax their scope-of-practice laws. The specific form that federal legislation takes will be subject to both legal and policy debates, but given the benefits at stake, it is time to start those debates.
The University of Alabama School of Law’s Criminal Defense Clinic has been operating for more than 25 years. And despite changes in laws, changes in clinic directors, and even paradigm-shifting changes in technology, perhaps no change has been as big as the change brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.
“The spring was difficult,” said Amy Kimpel, Assistant Professor of Clinical Legal Instruction and Director of the Criminal Defense Clinic. “The students had four misdemeanor trials set for March and April and then courts closed due to the pandemic.” The trials were postponed and the students enrolled in the spring 2020 Clinic course graduated before new trial dates were set.
But neither the court closings nor the University of Alabama’s move to virtual instruction stopped the Clinic’s work. Kimpel quickly re-thought the rest of the semester, remaining committed to providing students opportunities that would help build their skills and serve Clinic clients. “The Clinic students pivoted to working on template motions to reconsider sentences and bail in light of the coronavirus and started working more on post-conviction relief cases,” she said.
“I feel like working in the Clinic during the pandemic gave me a glimpse of the future of law practice—digital files, digital communications, digital meetings, and even a digital workroom,” said Allen Slater, a third-year student. “It gave me some ideas about how I might like to run a practice of my own in the future.”
In preparing for the fall 2020 semester, Kimpel knew her students would be back in the courtroom and would need to build skill-sets that no faculty member had ever taught before. “I added pieces to the curriculum about client counseling on Zoom, communicating with clients effectively in masks, and trial practice during the time of COVID-19,” she said.
“We’ve also used the increased familiarity with Zoom to host panels with public defenders and prosecutors all over the country.” Panelists logged in from as far away as New York and California and even included a member of the Law School’s class of 2020 and an alumna of the Criminal Defense Clinic.
“It was an incredible experience. I feel privileged to have had the opportunity to speak with and learn from them,” Slater said.
When they aren’t in court representing their clients this semester, Criminal Defense Clinic students are honing their skills with highly realistic practice sessions. Recently, Northport Municipal Judge Paul Patterson (‘98) hosted Clinic students for a mock suppression hearing. At the mock hearing, with facts based on an actual past case, students also had the opportunity to examine new officers with the Northport Police Department, who participated as witnesses.
“The main goal is for us to get simulated exercise on what a suppression hearing looks like,” third-year student Reave Shewmake said. “And also the officers getting practice on being cross examined by different attorneys.”
Speaking about the value of applying the skills she teaches, Kimpel said, “Students had to think through, on their own, the interactions between officer and client, and had an opportunity to cross-examine an actual police officer.”
“It was just a collaborative effort from all of us here trying to give back to the community to help law enforcement and the law school,” Patterson said.
Ultimately, the Clinic is designed to help students apply what they are learning in the classroom to real-world legal problems. Of the students, Kimpel says, “Many are going right from campus to picking up hefty caseloads. Experiences like these help develop confidence to practice right after the bar. The clinic is a bridge between those experiences.”
The University of Alabama School of Law hosted Sonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, for the Albritton Lecture on Nov. 10. The Lecture, held virtually, was moderated by W. Harold Albritton, Senior District Judge of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, and Mark Brandon, Dean and Thomas E. McMillan Professor of Law.
In the question-and-answer format event, Justice Sotomayor spoke to students, faculty and invited guests on a wide range of topics from collegiality on the Court and its public image to advice for current law students.
“I really do believe that the law can help society, and I hope all of you will maintain that in your work and in your ambitions in what you do as lawyers,” she challenged the students in attendance. “Will you take pride in being a lawyer? Will you do it with a sense of pride and honor and decency and commitment to working as hard as you can to protect your clients and advise the people who depend on you? That’s what I expect. That’s what I hope.”
“It was an honor to welcome Justice Sotomayor to the School of Law. The fact that this year’s lecture was held virtually didn’t dampen excitement within the Law School community,” said Brandon. “The Justice’s talk was informative, insightful, engaged, and even joyful,” he added.
Wading into the question of public perception of the Court, Justice Sotomayor remarked, “Are we suffering from a crisis of legitimacy? I can say to you that we are.” She added, “That is very, very concerning to all of us.” She discussed her view of how political groups have taken terminology and discussion from the academic sphere and used it to try to predict how judges would rule. “They have created, I think, in the public perception, a sense that judges are political because politicians tell you how they’re going to rule from their philosophy,” she said. “I do fear that our legitimacy crisis has been created by the political branches, using judges and their appointment and the discussions as political weapons rather than the academic and philosophical underpinnings that were originally intended.”
In this time of deep division in our country, Justice Sotomayor praised her colleagues on the Court for their ability to passionately disagree and yet maintain caring friendships. “It’s an example I wish more of the country would follow,” she said. “You can disagree but still be agreeable to each other as human beings.”
Justice Sotomayor also spoke about oral argument and opinion-writing. She acknowledged that in some cases, she enters oral argument unsure about what the outcome should be, and is influenced by the arguments. She also said she finds some arguments useful in informing her reasoning as she is writing. But citing the extensive work of the lower courts and the briefs they receive when grappling with a case she said, “In a good majority of the cases, argument doesn’t change our mind because we’ve heard or read the counter[arguments] before.”
When describing the difference between writing an opinion of the Court and writing a dissenting opinion, Justice Sotomayor pointed to the importance of the authorial voice. When writing an opinion of the Court, “you’re writing for the voice of the Court and so you have to write with more care and more narrowly to say only as much as necessary to resolve the issue in front of you.” She went on to say, “When you’re a dissenter, however, it’s your own voice.”
“My Court right now is stagnant in its professional experiences,” Justice Sotomayor said of the Court’s lack of breadth in background of practice among the Justices. “I think that’s very, very dangerous,” she added. Citing as examples civil rights, immigration, environmental and criminal defense law, she talked about the importance of lived experiences as the Court makes decisions having an impact on individuals.
“Take work that you find exciting. Do it well,” Justice Sotomayor told students, concluded her remarks. “It’s been a real pleasure to be with you,” she added.
“This was a treat, and we are grateful that Justice Sotomayor was willing to carve out time from a very busy schedule to talk with us,” Brandon said of the event.
Justice Sotomayor is the 12th United States Supreme Court Justice to deliver the Albritton Lecture. The Albritton Lecture Series was established by Judge Albritton, a 1960 graduate of Alabama Law. It is supported by The Albritton Fund, created by the Albritton family of Andalusia, Alabama, a family that includes four generations of Alabama Law graduates.
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Coy Mark Collinsworth
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Judge Joseph Colquitt
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Ruben H. Wright Scholarship Fund
Camille Wright Cook Scholarship Fund
Dixie Cooper
George P. Crews Jr.
Robert P. Denniston
Thomas E. and Christine Drake*
Tom and Jan Elliott
Elliott Law School Fund
Joseph G. Gamble Jr.*
John Gamble Family Scholarship Fund
Gene Hamby
Gene Hamby Endowed Scholarship Fund
Edward L. Hardin Jr.
Edward L. Hardin, Jr. Scholarship Fund
Paula W. Hinton
Paula W. Hinton (1979) and James F. Hinton (1948) Scholarship Fund
James C.* and Joan Inzer
James C. Inzer, Jr. and Joan C. Inzer Endowed Law Scholarship Fund
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William P. Jackson, Jr. and Barbara Seignious Jackson Endowed Scholarship Fund
Frank and Jothany James
Judge Virgil Pittman Endowed Scholarship Fund
Stephen Douglas Kane
Unrestricted Endowment Fund
Alva M. Lambert
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Curtis O. Liles III
Curtis O. Liles III Endowed Professorship in Tax Law
George A. McCain Jr.*
William D. Melton
Kathryn Miree
Thomas W. Mitchell
Thomas and Betty Mitchell Scholarship Fund
Alex W. Newton*
Alex W. Newton Scholarship Fund
James L.* and Lettie Lane North
Albert Gordon Rives*
Albert G. and Hester Rives Fund
John B. Sandage
Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr. & Mrs. Ruth Jenkins Johnson Memorial Endowed Scholarship
Louis Salmon*
(Elisabeth Salmon Whitten)
Louis Salmon Fund
Robert H. Shaw Jr.
Elizabeth Kirksey Shaw and Robert H. Shaw, Jr. Endowed Scholarship Fund
Stephen Wesley Shaw
Lanny Vines
Judge Cecil M. Deason Professorship
Judge E.C. Watson Professorship
Judge Russell McElroy Professorship
*Deceased
When it comes to making a long-term impact at The University of Alabama, there are many giving options to choose from. For more information about these or other gift planning options, please contact the Office of Planned Giving at (205) 348-0999, toll free at (888) 875-4438, or email at plannedgiving@advance.ua.edu
Will or Living Trust
A gift through a will or living trust is one of the easiest gifts you can make, and it can create a lasting impact on the future of The University of Alabama. Your estate planning attorney can include a provision in your will that could list a specific asset, a dollar amount, or a percentage of your estate. A bequest could also be made from the residual of your estate after all gifts have been made to your heirs.
Beneficiary Designation
One of the simplest long-range gift arrangements is to designate the School of Law as beneficiary of all or a portion of your IRA, other retirement account, or life insurance policy. Changing a beneficiary is usually quite simple and can be handled through your retirement plan administrator or your life insurance company.
Charitable Gift Annuity
A charitable gift annuity is a simple contract between you and the Capstone Foundation at The University of Alabama. You make a gift of cash or securities, and in return the University agrees to pay you and/or another person a specific amount for the rest of your life or lives. You may direct the remainder of your gift to support the program(s) in the School of Law that you specify.
This summary of funds includes corpus accounts in excess of $5,000, as of June 30, 2020.
Endowed funds reflect market value and unendowed funds reflect book value.
ACADEMIC CHAIRS
Endowed:
Tom Bevill Chair of Law $1,811,761
Francis H. Hare Chair of Law $1,410,912
Robert W. Hodgkins Chair of Law $2,118,531
Paul Jones, Jr. & Charlene Angelich Jones Endowed Chair of Law $1,537,388
Jerry W. & Carolyn W. Powell Professor of Practice for Law & Business $93,793.68
Frank E. Spain Chair of Law $1,248,829
John J. Sparkman Chair of Law $2,314,639
John S. Stone Chair of Law $1,938,709
Charles E. Tweedy, Jr. Chair of Law $3,474,207
FACULTY SUPPORT FUNDS
Endowed:
Class of 1936 Professorship $214,857
Douglas Arant Professorship $118,389
Frank Bainbridge – Walter L. Mims Professorship $423,050
Jere L. Beasley, Sr. Professorship $121,147
Edgar L. Clarkson Professorship $222,348
Marc Ray Clement Professorship $95,901
John D. and Janis P. Clements Research Fund $40,083
Alton C. and Cecile Cunningham Craig Professorship $184,153
Lyman F. Holland, Jr. and Leannah P. Holland
Endowed Visiting Assistant Professorship $241,617
James M. Kidd, Sr. Professorship $392,557
Marcus McConnell Faculty Friends and Benefactors Enhancement Fund $178,856
Thomas E. McMillan Professorship $208,561
Joseph D. Peeler Professorship $254,716
Ira Drayton Pruitt, Sr. Professorship $194,258
Drew Redden Endowed Fund $132,054
Drew Redden Endowed Faculty Support $244,620
William Alfred Rose Professorship $268,514
Gordon Rosen Professorship $232,550
Sadler Support Fund $110,791
Yetta G. Samford, Jr. Professorship $669,358
John W. Sharbrough III Professorship $57,066
Irving Silver & Frances Grodsky Silver Faculty Scholar Endowment $243,879
Henry Upson Sims Professorship $356,894
Thomas E. Skinner Professorship $110,217
Elton B. Stephens Professorship $192,822
Bruce C. Strother Memorial Fund $24,193
University Research Professorship $191,312
Judge Robert S. Vance Professorship $128,091
Herbert D. Warner Professorship $122,100
Wiggins, Childs, Quinn & Pantazis Professorship $233,016
* Perpetual trusts with a market value of $1,238,142.68 benefit this fund.
III. SCHOLARSHIPS
Endowed:
Lillian Duffee Adair $46,108
Ralph Wyatt Adams $99,256
Alabama Pattern Jury Instructions/William Sullivan $123,004
Gary Aldridge Memorial $32,252
Captain Howard R. Andrews, Jr. $320,580
Kathryn Whittingham Baker – Schuyler A. Baker $127,700
Balch & Bingham – John F. Mandt $146,441
James C. Baldone, Sr. $27,137
Massey Bedsole $101,869
Judge Travis Jesse Bedsole Memorial $56,980
Travis Massey Bedsole, Jr. $97,841
Robert Kirk Bell Memorial $197,113
Charlotte Pool Bennett Memorial $54,285
Maurice F. Bishop $60,081
Judge John G. Bookout Memorial $48,551
Donald Richard Bounds, Jr. Memorial $334,782
Bradley Arant Boult Cummings $237,886
Verne Bradley $699,180
Dean Mark E. Brandon $46,228
Doreen S. Brogden $23,395
James Douglas Brown $50,673
Burr & Forman $170,365
Samuel H. Burr $27,701
David C. Byrd $13,701
Artemas Killian Callahan, Sr. $15,992
Capell & Howard $54,785
Charles F. Carr $112,924
Cecil G. Chason $11,888
Carey J. Chitwood $869,798
Raynold Chiz Memorial $69,153
Samuel Clabaugh $22,587
James E. “Red” Clark $46,781
Class of 1979 In Memoriam $129,830
Class of 1982 Scholarship $54,602
Clayton-Hopper Memorial $459,470
Harwell E. Coale, Jr. $20,797
Judge Stephen B. Coleman $13,772
Camille Wright Cook $38,395
Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cooper $46,448
Lee and Joy Cooper $215,817
Albert W. Copeland $73,433
Allen Cox $95,997
John H. and Lola B. Curry $38,252
Gregory S. Cusimano $50,135
Delony Family $2,550,332
Dominic DeSimone Memorial Endowed Book $59,069
Dean’s Discretionary $55,557
Judge W. Aubrey Dominick $18,957
Susan Doss $57,128
Susan Doss Prize, Endowed by Harper Lee $42,494
Chester Ellingson $520,317
Mike and Lori Ermert $90,999
Robert Foster “Buck” Etheredge Memorial $55,419
John C. and Charles H. Eyster $67,507
Edward W. Faith and Lyman F. Holland $61,844
Michael A. Figures $172,392
Anna C. Fitts $29,887
McDavid and Jeanie Flowers $103,651
Walter Flowers Memorial $18,006
John S. Foster $128,862
James Timothy Francis $82,171
Abraham Franco Memorial $43,116
Michael D. Freeman Memorial $12,711
General E. M. Friend, Jr. Scholarship presented by Sirote & Permutt $100,271
Kenneth T. Fuller and Byron D. Boyett $45,334
Ralph Gaines, Jr. $64,920
William and Virginia Gaines $37,537
Fournier J. “Boots” Gale III $517,169
Charles W. Gamble $71,418
William C. Gamble, Jr. $13,454
Lucian D. Gardner $77,364
Edgar C. Gentle III $41,274
Judge Walter P. Gewin $20,348
W. Godbey $55,346
Edwin L. and Julia T. Goodhue $13,904
Gene M. Hamby, Jr. $50,426
Claude E. Hamilton, Sr. and Family $305,779
Powell A. and Magaria Simpson Hamner $60,098
Sam Harvey Hamner Memorial $80,656
Nathaniel Hansford and Frances Fincher Hansford $47,431.90
Ed and Lila Hardin $112,253
Estes H. and Florence Parker Hargis $141,516
Larry W. and Nancy L. Harper $19,381
Claude Harris, Jr. $64,904
Judge Robert B. Harwood Memorial $98,367
Edwin I. Hatch $23,644
James Luther Hearn $218,932
Helmsing, Leach, Herlong, Newman & Rouse $52,969
Thomas Henry Henderson, Jr. $145,492
Julius W. Hicks $26,889
Judge Patrick Higginbotham $41,399
Page Higginbotham $18,712
Thomas Bowen Hill, Jr. Memorial $46,792
Paula W. Hinton (1979) and James F. Hinton, Sr. (1948) $70,886
Dexter C. Hobbs Memorial $217,228
Judge Robert E. Hodnette $80,638
Judge Hugh Edwin Holladay $12,259
Perry Hubbard $31,493
James F. Hughey, Jr. $47,061
John Evans Jackson $40,972
William P., Jr. and Barbara Seignious Jackson $232,903
Paul W. Jevne $226,694
Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr. and Ruth Jenkins Johnson Memorial $136,001
Johnstone, Adams, Bailey, Gordon & Harris $65,499
Devane King Jones Memorial $83,514
Thomas Goode Jones $928,418
Thomas L. Jones Fund $104,409
Jones Walker, LLP $18,552
Stephen Douglas Kane in honor of former Dean Kenneth C. Randall $113,295
Nicholas DeB. Katzenbach Civil Rights $178,859
Judge Robert G. Kendall $163,469
Judge Robert E. L. Key $16,791
Judge Hardie B. Kimbrough $98,632
James C. “Jimmy” King $92,903
Douglas Lanford $55,064
Law Minority $16,056
Judge Thomas W. Lawson $39,964
Blake Lazenby Memorial $47,129
The Alice Finch Lee Memorial $94,535
James G. Lee Memorial $26,812
George A. LeMaistre $70,176
William T. Lewis $380,642
Lightfoot, Franklin & White $30,234
Curtis O. Liles III Endowed Scholarship in Tax Law $28,824
Robert J. and Jane K. Lowe $176,126
Judge Seybourn H. Lynne $1,526,043
Cecil Mackey $329,564
Richard S. Manley $15,880
Frank J. Martin $47,023
Ben May $56,207
Maynard, Cooper & Gale $86,357
George W. McBurney $44,581
Judge and Mrs. Leon C. McCord Memorial $47,813
Clinton McGee $12,147
Jan B. McMinn $15,641
Oakley W. Melton, Jr. $122,865
William D. Melton $108,995
Walter J. Merrill $33,550
Mavis Clark Metzger $88,655
Stanley D. Metzger $457,588
Nina Miglionico $372,268
John C. H. Miller, Jr. $48,657
William E. Mitch $46,254
William H. Mitchell, Sr. $60,498
Henry H. Mize $187,199
Claude McCain Moncus $45,089
Charles Morgan $59,592
Carl A. Morring, Jr. $122,351
Larry W. Morris $132,585
Nathaniel Welch Morrisette, Jr. $1,254
Jay W. and Alberta Murphy $46,885
Bonneau Murray Memorial $211,130
Neal C. Newell $97,143
Alex W. Newton $105,309
Ray O. Noojin $44,120
James L. and Lettie Lane North $153,609
Lewis G. Odom, Jr. $49,089
Richard F. Ogle Memorial $25,875
Camper O’Neal $13,174
Order of the Coif $112,322
T. Ormond $143,744
Prime F. Osborn Fellowships $166,716
Craig and Andrea Parker $70,290
Judge Eris F. Paul Memorial $54,855
John C. Pearson $30,362
John C. Pearson Memorial $23,875
Jerry and Suzanne Perkins $13,696.65
Phelps Dunbar, LLP (formerly Lyons Pipes & Cook) $87,280
Samuel W. Pipes III Memorial $33,336
Pittman Dutton & Hellums $108,394
Joe and Angeline Pittman $85,425
Judge Virgil Pittman $37,872
Judge Sam C. Pointer $209,326
William S. Pritchards $206,759
Proctor Family $61,916
Ira Drayton Pruitt, Jr. $12,901
Judge John M. Puryear $41,932
Drew Redden $25,632
Hugh Reed, Jr. Memorial $437,707
Judge Ben Reeves $523,654
REUNION! $178,580
Allen Reynolds, Jr. Memorial $118,673
Patrick W. Richardson Memorial $155,603
Rives and Peterson $57,995
Edward Maurice Rogers $473,219
T. Goodloe Rutland $62,048
Leon Y. Sadler, Jr. $25,208
Louis Salmon Fund $13,775
Yetta G. Samford III Memorial $397,831
Lucille Tisdale Sauls $203,247
Matthew A. Schenck $10,200
Charles J. Scott, James M. Scott and Lucy Elizabeth Scott Memorial $20,960
Elizabeth Kirksey Shaw and Robert H. Shaw, Jr. $50,978
David Walter Shipper Memorial $46,919
Arthur Davis Shores $77,703
Sirote & Permutt $36,724
Morris K. and Joseph H. Sirote $167,001
Angus A. Smith $12,278
General Holland M. Smith $44,040
John Q. Somerville $47,982
Spain & Gillon $156,642
Frank E. Spain $14,986
Nettie Edward Spain $48,026
Finis E. St. John III Memorial $97,097
Stancil R. Starnes $98,908
Cherry and Bart Starr $81,293
Robert E. Steiner, Jr. Memorial Fund $60,069
Student Alumni Law Society $38,568
Eugene Phillip Stutts $100,986
David L. Thomas $11,362
James W. Traeger Memorial $21,551
Charles Stephen Trimmier, Jr. $45,853
Edward P. Turner, Jr. Family $51,563
Charles E. Tweedy, Jr. $351,422
William L. Utsey $121,618
William L. Utsey, William D. Melton, and E. Tedford Taylor $65,834
Vickers, Riis, Murray and Curran, LLC $52,482
Lanny S. Vines $202,663
George C. Wallace $12,241
Brand Walton, Jr. $55,564
Marvin L. Warner $104,327
Judge Robert J. Wheeler $531,071
Jeanne G. Wiggins and Charles Wiggins, Jr. $48,203
Wilmer & Lee, P.A. $56,574
Jerry D. Worthy $8,215
Reuben H. Wright Memorial $27,667
Olin W. Zeanah $54,476
Unendowed:
William H. Albritton III Fund $8,439
Collegiate License Fund $56,025
Annual:
Alabama Federal Tax Clinic $30,000
Christian & Small LLP Annual Diversity $5,000
Order of the Coif $12,000
Porterfield, Harper, Mills, Motlow & Ireland $5,000
PRIZES
Endowed:
Dean T W Christopher Prize $8,100
H M Somerville Law Prize Fund $6,852
UNRESTRICTED FUNDS
Endowed:
George M. and Mary C. Akers $54,211
Carol Andrews Moot Court Support Fund $32,131
Ball Family Endowment $39,511
Hugo L. Black Fund $54,251
Cathryn and Mark Boardman Endowed Support Fund $18,195
Dancy Law School Fund $56,142
Roy M. Greene $63,393
Brooks Hayes $28,766
Howell T. Heflin $400,235
James T. Kirk $69,300
Justice Alva Hugh Maddox Fund $13,084
Manley Servicemen & Veterans Program Endowed Fund $9,110.80
Gessner T. McCorvey $14,171
Nina Miglionico Dean’s Discretionary Endowed Fund $490,231
Morris, King & Hodge, P.C. Endowed Support Fund $23,647
Reese Phifer/Special Law School Fund $12,318
Edward Brett Randolph $1,234,521
John D. Rather, Jr. $13,085
* Albert and Hester Rives $1,378,185
Charles Oscar Stokes $397,986
* A perpetual trust with a market value of $2,675,174.74 benefits this fund.
Unendowed:
Hugo L. Black Fund #2 $42,009
Lanier Dean’s Discretionary Fund $158,928
Manley Servicemen & Veterans Program Fund $5,638
Joseph Mosby Dean’s Discretionary Fund $6,250
2010 Class Reunion Project Fund $5,246
School of Law Naming Opportunities Support Fund $95,765
James E. Smith, Jr. Memorial $7,418
Judge C. C. Torbert Jr. Fund $9,441
Unrestricted Funds $122,420
Stephen R. Windom Dean’s Enhancement Fund $38,768
RESTRICTED FUNDS
Endowed:
The Albritton Fund $97,791
Ben & Julie Bucy Public Interest Law Fund $72,341
Program for Law and Business $71,762
The Crum Family Endowed Lecture for Law and Business $266,996
Judge Leon Hopper Academic Award in Bankruptcy Law $10,483
Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr. Memorial Endowed Lecture
On Constitutional Rights & Liberties $86,629
The Daniel J. Meador Annual Lecture Fund $226,949
Drew Redden Endowed Alabama Law Review Support $209,224
Dr. Norman J. Singer Endowed Public Interest Law Fund $49,540
William Baker Oliver Lectureship $22,811
Unendowed:
Class Composite Preservation Fund $21,935
Arthur B. Foster Loan Fund $67,129
G. Gaston Loan Fund $46,195
W. Mosby Loan Fund $20,366
The Jerry Powell Technology Fund $20,099
Paul E. Skidmore Award $32,239
Silver Annual Faculty Scholar Gift Fund $16,029
VII. LIBRARY SUPPORT FUNDS
Endowed:
Rufus Bealle $62,592
Robert C. Brickell Memorial $44,823
Marion Maxell Caskie, Jr. Memorial $7,161
The Crosby Support Fund $23,615
Barbara H. Hunter Library Endowment $38,863
Irene Feagin Scott Tax Library Collection $248,797
Unendowed:
Judge Gordon Kahn Library Fund $14,891
Thomas G. Mancuso Library Collection for Tax and Corporate Law $8,291
Francis (Frank) J. Mizell, Jr. Legal History Collection $25,082
VIII. ADVOCACY SUPPORT FUNDS
Endowed:
Pittman, Dutton, Kirby & Hellums Advocacy $104,145
Neal Pope Trial Advocacy $30,012
George Peach Taylor Trial Advocacy $26,920
Drew Redden Trial Advocacy $209,224
James A. Yance Trial Advocacy $81,655
July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2020
Class of 1948
Roscoe O. Roberts
Huntsville, AL
Class of 1949
William J. Sullivan
Birmingham, AL
CLASS OF 1950
Jerry O. Lorant
Birmingham, AL
William S. Pritchard
Birmingham, AL
Class of 1951
Wilbur E. Lewis
Naples. FL
Hon. James E. Loftis
Union, MS
Jimmie R. Meriwether
Chickasaw, AL
Class of 1952
Robert H. Bowron, Jr.
Pelham, AL
Class of 1953
Charles D. Conway
Montevallo, AL
Class of 1954
Hon. Robert L. Bowers
Clanton, AL
Edwin L. Brobston
Bessemer, AL
Donald E. Brutkiewicz
Mobile, AL
William J. Edwards
Point Clear, AL
Harlan H. Grooms, Jr.
Birmingham, AL
Class of 1956
William H. Mills
Birmingham, AL
Charles E. Sharp
Vestavia, AL
Hon. George S. Wright
Tuscaloosa, AL
Class of 1959
Albert N. Hudgens
Dauphin Island, AL
Ralph P. Loveless, Jr.
Pensacola, FL
Clarence W. Scott
Pell City, AL
Class of 1960
William J. Benton, Sr.
Phenix City, AL
Kent Henslee
Gadsden, AL
Borden M. Ray
Tuscaloosa, AL
Class of 1963
Jerry A. McDowell
Fairhope, AL
Philip H. Pitts II
Selma, AL
Gerald S. Topazi
Birmingham, AL
Class of 1967
Jerry R. Barksdale
Athens, AL
Max Olim
Atlanta, GA
John P. Oliver II
Dadeville, AL
Abner R. Powell II
Andalusia, AL
Fred Don Siegal
Miami, FL
Class of 1968
Gary P. Alidor, Sr.
Mobile, AL
Hon. Allwin E. Horn III
Mountain Brook, AL
Joe H. Little, Jr.
Mobile, AL
Hon. Daniel J. Reynolds, Jr.
Hoover, AL
Charles S. Trimmier, Jr.
Mountain Brook, AL
CLASS OF 1969
Steven R. Berger
Aventura, FL
Donald V. Burch
Brandon, MS
Gary M. Kornman
Dallas, TX
Frank P. Samford III
Tucker, GA
Class of 1970
Norman Bradley, Jr.
Huntsville, AL
John C. Falkenberry
Eastpoint, FL
Class of 1971
Paul R. Hartley, Sr.
Greenville, AL
Arnold W. Umbach, Jr.
Auburn, AL
CLASS OF 1972
Booker T. Forte, Jr.
Clinton, AL
Jonathan H. Raffield
Grove Hill, AL
Dr. Kenneth M. Reese
Dahlonega, GA
CLASS OF 1974
James M. Crouch
Birmingham, AL
Charles M. Ferguson
Tallahassee, FL
Paul J. Morrow, Jr.
Nashville, TN
Patricia E. Saik
Bay Saint Louis, MS
Gene R. Smitherman
Atlanta, GA
Class of 1975
Jimmy D. Cantrell
Huntsville, AL
Class of 1976
Ronald W. Self
Columbus, GA
Class of 1977
Marc E. Bradley
Mobile, AL
John M. Burks
Hoover, AL
Class of 1978
Michael R. Farrow
Milton, FL
Winn S. Faulk
Montgomery, AL
Kenneth M. Reese
Dahlonega, GA
Class of 1979
Hon. Joseph L. Boohaker
Hoover, AL
Class of 1981
Mark G. Montiel, Sr.
Montgomery, AL
Class of 1986
Russelle L. Hubbard
Alabaster, AL
James R. McMurry
Athens, AL
Class of 1993
John T. Brooks, Jr.
Montgomery, AL
Thomas M. Little
Vestavia, AL
Class of 1996
Wendell B. Hunt
Maumelle, AR
Class of 2003
David M. Fleming
Birmingham, AL
Class of 2006
Christopher S. Kuffner
Huntsville, AL
Class of 2010
Gloria Y. Son
Birmingham, AL
Class of 2011
Robert L. Rash, Jr.
Montgomery, AL
